1. The working oil deteriorates due to entering the dirt. The sources of the dirt (such as ash, sand, soil, etc.) entering the oil are as follows:

（1）系统外部不清洁。不清洁物在加油或检查油量时被带入系统，或通过损坏的油封或密封环而进入系统；

(1) The outside of the system is not clean. Unclean materials are brought into the system when refueling or checking oil quantity, or enter the system through damaged oil seal or sealing ring;

（2）内部清洗不彻底。在油箱或部件内仍留有微量的污物残渣；

(2) Internal cleaning is not thorough. There is still a small amount of dirt residue in the oil tank or parts;

（3）加油容器或用具不洁；

(3) Oil containers or utensils are not clean;

（4）制造时因热弯油管而在管内产生锈皮；

(4) During manufacturing, rust scale is produced in the pipe due to hot bending of tubing;

（5）油液储存不当，在加入系统前就不洁或已变质；

(5) Improper storage of oil, dirty or deteriorated before adding into the system;

（6）已逐渐变质的油会腐蚀零件。被腐蚀金属可能成为游离分子悬浮在油中。

(6) Oil that has deteriorated gradually will corrode the parts. The corroded metal may become free molecules suspended in the oil.

污物会造成零件的磨损与腐蚀，尤其是对于精加工的零件，它们会擦伤胶皮管的内壁、油封环和填料，而这些东西损伤后又会导致更多的污物进入系统中，这样就形成恶性循环的损坏。

Dirt will cause wear and corrosion of parts, especially for precision machined parts, which will scratch the inner wall of rubber tube, oil seal ring and packing. After these things are damaged, more dirt will enter the system, thus forming a vicious cycle of damage.

2、过热造成系统过热可能由以下一种或多种原因造成：

2. Overheating may be caused by one or more of the following reasons:

（1）油中进入空气或水分，当液压泵把油液转变为压力油时，空气和水分就会助长热的增加而引起过热；

(1) Oil into air or water, when the hydraulic pump oil into pressure oil, air and water will contribute to the increase of heat and cause overheating;

（2）容器内的油平面过高，油液被强烈搅动，从而引起过热；

(2) The oil level in the container is too high, and the oil is stirred strongly, causing overheating;

（3）质量差的油可能变稀，使外来物质悬浮着，或与水有亲合力，这也会引起生热；

(3) Oil of poor quality may become thinner, make foreign substances suspended, or have affinity with water, which can also cause heat generation;

（4）工作时超过了额定工作能力，因而产生热；

(4) When working, it exceeds the rated working capacity, thus generating heat;

（5）回油阀调整不当，或未及时更换已损零件，有时也会产生热。

(5) If the oil return valve is not adjusted properly or the damaged parts are not replaced in time, sometimes heat will be generated.

过热将使油液迅速氧化，氧化又会释放出难溶的树脂、污泥与酸类等，而这些物质聚积油中造成零件的加速磨损和腐蚀，且它们粘附在精加工零件表面上还会使零件失去原有功能。油液因过热变稀还会使传动工作变迟缓。上述过热的结果，常反映在操纵时传动动作迟缓和回油阀被卡死。

Overheat will oxidize the oil rapidly, and the oxidation will release insoluble resin, sludge and acid. These substances will accumulate in the oil and cause accelerated wear and corrosion of parts, and they will adhere to the surface of finishing parts, and they will lose their original function. The oil will become thinner due to overheating, and the transmission will work slowly. The results of the above overheating, often reflected in the operation of the drive slow and return valve is stuck.

3、进入空气油液中进入空气的原因有下列几种：

3. There are several reasons for air entering into the air fluid:

（1）加油时不适当地向下倾倒，致使有气泡混入油内而带入管路中；

(1) When refuelling, pour down improperly, resulting in bubbles mixed into the oil and brought into the pipeline;

（2）接头松了或油封损坏了，空气被吸入；

(2) The connector is loose or the oil seal is damaged, and the air is inhaled;

（3）吸油管路被磨穿、擦破或腐蚀，因而空气进入。

(3) The oil suction pipe is worn, abraded or corroded, so air enters.

空气进入油中除引起过热外，也会有相当数量空气在压力下被溶于油内。如果被压缩的体积大约有10%是属于被溶的空气，则压力下降时便会形成泡沫。而工作液压缸在减压回油时，带泡沫的油液就会形成“海绵”的性质。此外，油中含有许多泡沫会增加总体积，将造成油箱或储油器的溢油现象。含有空气的工作油，在传递动力时会产生急跳的痉挛现象，使动力传递不均匀，由此产生的压力波动和应力，将会使零部件损坏，严重时会导致整个系统损坏。含有空气的工作油，还会造成液压泵发生气穴的危险，由此而产生更大的吸力，会把更多的空气连同其他杂质都吸入系统内。因油中进入空气而产生过热，空气进入的同时也会带进灰尘，这些情况会使油很快变质。

In addition to overheating caused by air entering the oil, a considerable amount of air will be dissolved in the oil under pressure. If the compressed volume is about 10% of the dissolved air, it will form foam when the pressure drops. When the working hydraulic cylinder is decompressed, the foam oil will form the sponge character. In addition, many bubbles in the oil will increase the total volume, causing oil spills or oil spills. The working oil containing air will produce spasmodic phenomenon of sudden jump when transmitting power, so that the power transmission is uneven. The resulting pressure fluctuation and stress will damage parts and components, and even the whole system will be damaged. Working oil containing air will also cause the danger of cavitation in the hydraulic pump, which will produce greater suction, and will draw more air and other impurities into the system. Because the oil into the air and produce overheating, air into the same time will also bring dust, these conditions will make the oil quickly deteriorated.

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